This product is a targeted blend of flavonoids, antioxidants,
proteolytic enzymes and botanicals designed to provide
comprehensive support for seasonal challenges caused by
common environmental allergens. This product includes
quercetin, a powerful flavonoid, to support healthy histamine
levels. Bromelain enhances the absorption of quercetin
and supports mucosal tissue health. Stinging nettles leaf
balances hyperimmune responses and N-acetyl cysteine
clears the airways by promoting normal viscosity of mucus.
This powerful combination actively promotes healthy nasal
and sinus passages for individuals with elevated histamine
and respiratory irritation.

Quercetin is a biologically active flavonoid antioxidant that is
widely distributed in plants, including oak trees, onions and
tea. Quercetin has strong antioxidant activity and has been
shown to support immune health by mediating the release
of inflammatory compounds, including leukotrienes and
prostaglandins.1,2 Quercetin is known for its ability to stabilize
mast cells, which diminishes the release of histamine, the
compound known to cause hypersensitivity reactions during
seasonal changes.3

Urtica dioica, commonly known as stinging nettles, is a plant
that has been shown to balance immune response, specifically
in the airways and nasal passages.4

Studies have shown that
the extract of stinging nettles leaf balances a variety of
inflammatory activities that affect respiratory health. Stinging

nettles leaf controls mast-cell degranulation, prostaglandin
formation and histamine action, which all contribute to a
balanced inflammatory response.5

Bromelain is a plant enzyme naturally found on the stem and
fruit of the pineapple plant. Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme
that aids in the breakdown of large protein complexes, including
antigenic compounds, and has been shown to enhance the
absorption of quercetin.6

Bromelain has been shown to reduce
circulating allergenic protein complexes associated with
hyperimmune sensitivity and seasonal discomfort.7

N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is an amino acid precursor to
one of the most important antioxidants in the body,
glutathione.8

Both glutathione and NAC help reduce
the mucus viscosity to maintain cleared airways and
respiratory health.9,10

Humans cannot synthesize vitamin C, and it is, therefore, an
essential nutrient that must be consumed in the diet. Among
its numerous health-promoting properties, vitamin C is an
essential vitamin that supports the immune system and is also a
potent antioxidant. When the body is under a significant amount
of emotional or environmental stress, vitamin C is excreted
rapidly. Vitamin C has many immune-boosting properties but is
distinctively beneficial for individuals with seasonal discomfort
because of its ability to deactivate histamine.11,12

1.Della Loggia R, Ragazzi E, Tubaro A, et al.
Anti-inflammatory activity of benzopyrones that are
inhibitors of cyco- and lipo-oxygenase.
Pharmacol Res Commun. 1988;20:91-94.
2. Kim HP, Mani I, Iversen L, Ziboh VA. Effects of
naturally-occurring flavonoids and bioflavonoids on
epidermal cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase from guinea
pigs. Prostagladins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids.
1998; 58:17-24.
3. Otsuka H, Inaba M, Fujikura T, Kunitomo M.
Histochemical and functional characteristics of
metachromatic cells in the nasal epithelium in allergic
rhinitis: studies of nasal scrapings and their dispersed cells.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1995 ;96(4):528-36.
4. Mittman P. Randomized, double-blind study of
freeze-dried Urtica dioica in the treatment of allergic
rhinitis. Planta Med. 1990; 56:44-47.

5. Obertreis, B. et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of
Urtica dioica folia extract in comparison to caffeic malic
acid. Arzneimittelforschung. 1996; 46(1): 52-56.
6. Shoskes DA, Zeitlin SI, Shahed A, Rajfer J. Quercetin in
men with category III chronic prostatitis: a preliminary
prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled
trial. Urology. 1999; 54(6): 960-3.
7. Cichoke AJ. The Complete Book of Enzyme Therapy.
(1999). Garden City Park, NY: Avery Publishing Group.
8. Yim CY, et al. Use of N-acetyl cysteine to increase
intracellular glutathione during the induction of
antitumor responses by IL-2. J Immul. 1994;
152:5796-5805.
9. Ziment, I. Acetyl cysteine: a drug that is much more
than a mucokinetic. Biomed Pharmacother.
1988; 42(8):513-519.
10. Millar, AB, et al. Effect of oral N-Acetyl Cysteine on
mucus clearing. Br J Dis Chest. 1985; 79: 262-266.
11. Bland JS, Costarella L, Levin B, et al. Clinical Nutrition:
A Functional Approach. Second Edition. (2004). Gig Harbor,
WA: Institute of Functional Medicine.
12. Johnston CS. The antihistamine action of ascorbic acid.
Subcell Biochem. 1996;25:189-213.

Other Ingredients: Hypromellose (Natural Vegetable Capsules),
Silicon Dioxide, Stearic Acid and Magnesium Stearate.

Busy and stressful lifestyles can cause sleep patterns to become disrupted, leading to over-stimulation and restlessness. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the brain’s primary neurotransmitter which helps to counteract stress by promoting a sense of relaxation. In the evening, GABA activity should increase in the brain, triggering the sleep cycle. The ingredients in this product work in synergy to support GABA activity and allow for optimal relaxation. While other therapies with a similar mechanism may cause dependency when used over an extended period of time, the natural ingredients in this product are non-habit-forming.

Valerian root extract is perhaps the most studied botanical for inducing sleep. Valerenic acid, an active component in valerian root, has spasmolytic or muscle relaxant properties. It has been found to both inhibit the reuptake of and stimulate the release of GABA in the central nervous system (CNS).1,2 In addition, other components within valerian have been found to bind to GABA receptors.3 Randomized trials consistently show significant benefits to supplementing valerian over placebo.4 One randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing 600 mg/day of valerian extract given with another therapy for six weeks showed valerian root extract to be equally effective in supporting sleeplessness as a traditional approach.5

Passionflower Extract† The aerial portions of passionflower are best known for their historic use as a relaxing and calming herb. Numerous flavonoid components function as active ingredients6 by binding to the GABA receptor.7,8 Passionflower extract has compared favorably with other therapies with similar mechanisms of easing feelings of overstimulation and scattered thoughts, with fewer side effects.9 A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 60 people, aged 25-55 years and scheduled for spinal anesthesia, showed those given passionflower experienced a greater sense of calmness before being given anesthesia.10 Passionflower has also been shown to offer sleep benefits for adults with fluctuations in sleep quality.11

L-Theanine† L-theanine is an amino acid found in green tea, and is considered a relaxant (although not a sedative) when used alone. The Food and Drug Administration has approved several health claims for L-theanine including: stress reduction, relaxation without drowsiness, decreased nervousness from common fatigue, and reduced nervous irritability. L-theanine
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS • Supports Restorative Sleep • Helps Induce Relaxation • Supports Positive Mood
Transforming lives one day at a time
Transforming lives one day at a time
† This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
has been shown to significantly increase alpha brain wave activity which correlates with a perceived state of relaxation.12

 Wild jujube seed has been historically used in traditional Chinese medicine as a sedative herb. It has been shown to reduce stress, conserve energy and promote sleep. It is useful for those with symptoms of nervous exhaustion, fatigue, irritability and the inability to sleep.13 (Note: Most research on the active components [jujubosides A and B] for sedative and CNS function has been performed in China and are written in Chinese).14-17

 The hops plant, Humulus lupulus, is a perennial climbing vine that has been used for centuries for its relaxing properties, among other health benefits. Only the female hops, which produce flowers known as strobiles, are used for medicinal purposes. The active ingredients in hops include a volatile oil, valerianic acid, tannins and flavonoids. European studies have examined the effects of hops in combination with other sleep-supporting botanicals. In a pilot study that included 30 subjects with mild-to-moderate sleep challenges, a preparation combining 500 mg of valerian extract with 120 mg hops was given to subjects 30 minutes before bedtime. The hops-valerian preparation was found to improve sleep quality by decreasing sleep latency and wake time throughout the night.18

1.  Ebadi, M. Pharmacodynamic Basis of Herbal Medicine. Valerian for Sleep disorders. CRC Press pp. 670-681.
2.  Santos MS, Ferreira F et al. Synaptosomal GABA release as influenced by valerian root extract–involvement of the GABA carrier. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1994; 327(2):22031.
3.  Benke D, Barberis A, Kopp S, et al. GABA A receptors as in vivo substrate for the anxiolytic action of valerenic acid, a major constituent of valerian root extracts, Neuropharmacology. 2009 Jan;56(1):174-181.
4. Kemper K. Valerian Monograph. The Longwood Herbal Task Force. Found online at: www.mcp.edu/herbal/ valerian/valerian.pdf.
5. Ziegler G, Ploch M, Miettinen-Baumann A, Collet W. Efficacy and tolerability of valerian extract LI 156 compared with oxazepam in the treatment of non-organic insomnia—a randomized, double-blind, comparative clinical study. Eur J Med Res. 2002 Nov 25;7(11):480-6.
6. Dhawan K, Kumar S, Sharma A. Anti-anxiety studies on extracts of Passiflora incarnata Linneaus. J Ethnopharmacol. 2001 Dec;78(2-3):165-70.
7.  Salgueiro JB, Ardenghi P et al. Anxiolytic natural and synthetic flavonoid ligands of the central benzodiazepine receptor have no effect on memory tasks in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1997 Dec;58(4):887-91.
8.  Paladini AC, Marder M et al. Flavonoids and the central nervous system: from forgotten factors to potent anxiolytic compounds. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1999 May;51(5):519-26.
9.  Akhondzadeh S et al. Passionflower in the treatment of generalized anxiety: a pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial with oxazepam. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2001 Oct;26(5):363-7.
10.  Aslanargun P, Cuvas O, Dikmen B, Aslan E, Yuksel MU. Passiflora incarnata Linneaus as an anxiolytic before spinal anesthesia. J Anesth. 2012 Feb;26(1):39-44. Epub 2011 Nov 3.
11. Ngan A, Conduit R. A double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation of the effects of Passiflora incarnata (passionflower) herbal tea on subjective sleep quality. Phytother Res. 2011 Aug;25(8):1153-9. Epub 2011 Feb 3.
12.  Nobre AC, Rao A, Owen GN. L-theanine, a natural constituent in tea, and its effect on mental state. Asia Pac J Clin Nutri. 2008;17(S1):167-168.
13. Draco Herbs Website: www.dracoherbs.com/wildjujube 2.htm
14. Feng ZY et al. [Sedative and anticonvulsant effect of jujuboside A]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2002 Apr;31(2):103-106.
15.  Shou C, Feng Z, Wang J, Zheng X. The inhibitory effects of jujuboside A on rat hippocampus in vivo and in vitro. Planta Med. 2002 Sep;68(9):799-803.
16.  Shou CH, Wang J, Zheng XX, Guo DW. Inhibitory effect of jujuboside A on penicillin sodium induced hyperactivity in rat hippocampal CA1 area in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2001 Nov;22(11):986-90.
17.  Wu SX, Zhang JX, Xu T, Li LF, Zhao SY, Lan MY. [Effects of seeds, leaves and fruits of Ziziphus spinosa and jujuboside A on central nervous system function] Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1993 Nov;18(11):685-7, 703-4.
18. Fussel A, Wolf A, Brattstrom A. Effect of a fixed valerianHop extract combination (Ze 91019) on sleep polygraphy in patients with non-organic insomnia: a pilot study. Eur J Med Res. 2000 18;5(9):383-90.

Vitamin D is a steroid vitamin, a group of fat-soluble pro- hormones that are best known for the role they play in supporting bone health and aiding in the absorption of calcium and phosphate from the gastrointestinal tract. A growing body of research highlights vitamin D’s important role in supporting other body systems, including cardiovascular and blood sugar balance, musculoskeletal strength, and neurological and immune function, enabled by vitamin D’s ability to target over 200 different genes throughout the body. At the same time, deficiency and insufficiency of this important nutrient has reached epidemic proportions around the world, making the achievement of optimal levels extremely important to overall health and wellbeing. Vitamin D3 50,000 IU is ideal for those who have difficulty achieving and maintaining peak vitamin D levels. This often includes elderly patients with low vitamin D levels, those with challenges in absorbing and maintaining vitamin D levels, and overweight patients with an elevated body mass index that impairs vitamin D circulation. For those who require an immediate boost in their vitamin D status, the vitamin D3 50,000 IU formulation is a convenient, effective way to get the substantial support they need.

Known as the sunshine vitamin, one of the key roles of vitamin D is maintaining serum calcium and phosphorous balance. Our bodies make vitamin D by converting vitamin D2 (ergocaliferol) into D3 (cholecalciferol). Vitamin D3 is the bioidentical form of vitamin D synthesized in the skin following exposure to sunlight. Vitamin D3 is also the form which the body derives from dietary cholesterol. When calcium and phosphorus levels dip in the body, parathyroid hormone (PTH) is released to increase vitamin D conversion to the active form. D3 is then metabolized to calcitriol, a steroid hormone that helps regulate a variety of genes through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). While vitamin D is available in both the D2 and D3 forms as supplements, studies have found vitamin D3 is the preferable form. According to recent research from human clinical trials, vitamin D3 is approximately 87% more potent in raising and maintaining serum 25(OH)D concentrations, than the vitamin D2 form. ^[1] Vitamin D3 also produces a two- to three- fold greater storage of vitamin D than D2.^[1]

While it has long been assumed that the majority of the population achieves adequate levels of vitamin D through exposure to the sun, the biosynthesis of the nutrient is affected by time of day, seasons, location, smog/pollution, clothing and sunscreen. In addition, those with darker skin require more exposure to the sun to attain adequate levels. These factors all contribute to the insufficiency seen in a growing portion of the population. It takes about 48 hours for vitamin D to be absorbed from the skin into the body and washing skin during that time period can interfere with absorption into the blood. Inadequate intake or levels of cholesterol can also inhibit the adequate production of the nutrient. Depleted levels of vitamin D may interfere with the normal development of teeth and bones, normal cell growth, and contribute to poor regulation of immune and nervous systems. Certain medications have been found to contribute to deficiency of vitamin D, including some anti-seizure medications, bile acid sequestrants, oral corticosteroids, and weight loss medications, which bind fats.^[2] Bone and Dental Health^† Numerous studies have highlighted the importance of vitamin D to maintaining healthy bone density. In one 2013 study, 52 overweight men and women with suboptimal vitamin D levels were given either 7,000 IU of cholecalciferol daily or a placebo for 26 weeks. The vitamin D group significantly increased vitamin D levels in the blood and improved biomarkers of bone health. ^{[2, 3]}

In light of the role that vitamin D plays in a variety of tissues and body systems, it comes as no surprise that much research from recent years has underscored its contribution to cardiometabolic wellness.^[5] There is accumulating evidence that calcitriol helps strengthens cardiomyocyte function, vascular smooth muscle cells, and the vascular endothelium. Low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are associated with diminished cardiovascular health.^[6] In a recent study of 222 participants, slow coronary function was significantly higher in those with insufficient blood levels of the vitamin^[7]; optimal vitamin D status has also been linked with a 40% cardiovascular system protective effect, as well as maintenance of healthy blood pressure levels.^[8,9] Vitamin D has also been shown to support healthy blood sugar metabolism.^[10,11]

One of the more profound functions of vitamin D is its ability to modulate immunity. An important recent study suggested that improving vitamin D status significantly affects the expression of genetic pathways linked to immune activity.^[12] Vitamin D has been shown to boost the immune response by up-regulating specific genes that increase cellular production of natural compounds that protect us against pathogens. ^[13]

Numerous studies also point to the key role of vitamin D in supporting musculoskeletal strength and comfort.^[14] In one study, among 62 adult patients with nonspecific musculoskeletal discomfort, over 95% had vitamin D deficiency and responded to replenishment of vitamin D. Moderate deficiency of vitamin D has also been shown to predict knee discomfort over a five-year period and hip discomfort over two years.^[15]

1. Heaney RP, et al. Vitamin D3 is more potent than vitamin D2 in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Met 2011;96(3); E447-E452.
2. http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplement/ vitamin-d
3. Wamberg L, Pedersen SB, Richelsen B, Rejnmark L. The effect of high-dose vitamin d supplementation on calciotropic hormones and bone mineral density in obese subjects with low levels of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin d: results from a randomized controlled study. Calcif Tissue Int 2013 Jul;93(1):69-77.
4. Cauley JA, Lacroix AZ, Wu L, Horwitz M, Danielson ME, Bauer DC, Lee JS, Jackson RD, Robbins JA, Wu C, Stanczyk FZ, LeBoff MS, Wactawski-Wende J, Sarto G, Ockene J, Cummings SR. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and risk for hip fractures. Ann Intern Med. 2008 Aug 19;149(4):242-50.
5. Wang C. J Diabetes Res. Role of vitamin D in cardiometabolic diseases. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:243934. Epub 2013; Feb 25.
6. Zittermann A, Koerfer R. Vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2008 Nov;11(6):752-7.
7. Oz F, Cizgici AY, Oflaz H, Elitok A, Karaayvaz EB, Mercanoglu F, Bugra Z, Omer B, Adalet K, Oncul A. Impact of vitamin D insufficiency on the epicardial coronary flow velocity and endothelial function. Coron Artery Dis 2013 May 20.
8. Ng LL, Sandhu JK, Squire IB, Davies JE, Jones DJ. Vitamin D and prognosis in acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2013 Feb 13.
9. Martini, L.A. and Wood, R.J. Vitamin D and blood pressure connection: update on epidemiologic, clinical, and mechanistic evidence. Nutr Rev 2008; 66(5):291-297.
10. Teegarden D, Donkin SS. Vitamin D: emerging new roles in insulin sensitivity. Nutr Res Rev 2009 Jun;22(1):82-92.
11. Chiu KC, Chu A, Go VL, Saad MF. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 May;79(5):820-5.
12. Hossein-nezhad A, Spira A, Holick MF. Influence of vitamin D status and vitamin D3 supplementation on genome wide expression of white blood cells: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. PLoS One 2013;8(3):e58725.
13. Cannell JJ, Vieth R, Umhau JC, Holick MF, Grant WB, Madronich S, Garland CF, Giovannucci E. Epidemic influenza and vitamin D. Epidemiol Infect 2006 Dec;134(6):1129-40.
14. Abbasi M, Hashemipour S, Hajmanuchehri F, Kazemifar AM. Is vitamin D deficiency associated with nonspecific musculoskeletal pain? Glob J Health Sci 2012 Nov 11;5(1):107-11. 15. Laslett LL, Quinn S, Burgess JR, Parameswaran V, Winzenberg TM, Jones G, Ding C. Moderate vitamin D deficiency is associated with changes in knee and hip pain in older adults: a 5-year longitudinal study. Ann Rheum Dis 2013 Apr 17.

Vitamin D is a steroid vitamin, a group of fat-soluble pro- hormones that are best known for the role they play in supporting bone health and aiding in the absorption of calcium and phosphate from the gastrointestinal tract. A growing body of research highlights its important role in supporting other body systems, including cardiovascular and blood sugar balance, musculoskeletal strength and neurological and immune function, enabled by its ability to target over 200 different genes throughout the body. At the same time, deficiency and insufficiency of this important nutrient has reached epidemic proportions around the world, making the achievement of optimal levels extremely important than ever to overall health and wellbeing.

Known as the sunshine vitamin, one of the key roles of vitamin D is maintaining serum calcium and phosphorous balance. Our bodies make vitamin D by converting vitamin D2 to D3, or cholecalciferol (the active form) when exposed to sunlight. D3 is also the form which the body derives from dietary cholesterol. When calcium and phosphorus levels dip in the body, parathyroid hormone (PTH) is released to increase vitamin D conversion to the active form. D3 is then metabolized to calcitriol, a steroid hormone that helps regulate a variety of genes through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). While vitamin D is available in both forms as supplements, studies have found vitamin D3 is the preferable form, as it has been found to maintain active vitamin D levels for a longer period of time. This Vitamin D formulation is delivered as D3 (cholecalciferol) for optimal use by the body and is available in 1,000 and 5,000 IU capsules, to meet a variety of individual needs.

While it has long been assumed that the majority of the population achieves adequate levels of vitamin D through exposure to the sun, the biosynthesis of the nutrient is affected by time of day, seasons, location, smog/pollution, clothing and sunscreen. In addition, those with darker skin require more exposure to the sun to attain adequate levels. These factors all contribute to the insufficiency seen in a growing portion of the population. It takes about 48 hours for vitamin D to be absorbed from the skin into the body and washing skin during that time period can interfere with absorption into the blood. Inadequate intake or levels of cholesterol can also inhibit the adequate production of the nutrient. Depleted levels of vitamin D may interfere with the normal development of teeth and bones, normal cell growth, and contribute to poor regulation of immune and nervous systems. Certain medications have been found to contribute to deficiency of vitamin D, including some anti-seizure medications, bile acid sequestrants, oral corticosteroids, and weight loss medications, which bind fats. ^[1]

Numerous studies have highlighted the importance of vitamin D to maintaining healthy bone density. In one 2013 study, 52 overweight men and women with suboptimal vitamin D levels were given either 7,000 IU of cholecalciferol daily or a placebo for 26 weeks. The vitamin D group significantly increased vitamin D levels in the blood and improved biomarkers of bone health. ^{[2, 3]}

In light of the role that vitamin D plays in a variety of tissues and body systems, it comes as no surprise that much research from recent years has underscored its contribution to cardiometabolic wellness. ^[4] There is accumulating evidence that calcitriol helps strengthens cardiomyocyte function, vascular smooth muscle cells, and the vascular endothelium. Low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are associated with diminished cardiovascular health. ^[5] In a recent study of 222 participants, slow coronary function was significantly higher in those with insufficient blood levels of the vitamin ^[6]; optimal vitamin D status has also been linked with a 40% cardiovascular system protective effect ^[7] as well as maintenance of healthy blood pressure levels. ^[8] Vitamin D has also been shown to support healthy blood sugar metabolism. ^{[9, 10]}

One of the more profound functions of vitamin D is its ability to modulate immunity. An important recent study suggested that improving vitamin D status significantly affects the expression of genetic pathways linked to immune activity. ^[11] Vitamin D has been shown to boost the immune response by up-regulating specific genes that increase cellular production of natural compounds that protect us against pathogens. ^[12] Musculoskeletal Comfort^† Numerous studies also point to the key role of vitamin D in supporting musculoskeletal strength and comfort. ^[13] In one study, among 62 adult patients with nonspecific musculoskeletal discomfort, over 95% had vitamin D deficiency and responded to replenishment of vitamin D. Moderate deficiency of vitamin D has also been shown to predict knee discomfort over a five year period and hip discomfort over two years. ^[14]

1. http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplement/ vitamin-d
2. Wamberg L, Pedersen SB, Richelsen B, Rejnmark L. The effect of high-dose vitamin d supplementation on calciotropic hormones and bone mineral density in obese subjects with low levels of circulating 25- hydroxyvitamin d: results from a randomized controlled study. Calcif Tissue Int. 2013 Jul;93(1):69-77.
3. Cauley JA, Lacroix AZ, Wu L, Horwitz M, Danielson ME, Bauer DC, Lee JS, Jackson RD, Robbins JA, Wu C, Stanczyk FZ, LeBoff MS, Wactawski-Wende J, Sarto G, Ockene J, Cummings SR. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and risk for hip fractures. Ann Intern Med. 2008 Aug 19;149(4):242-50.
4. Wang C. J Diabetes Res. Role of vitamin D in cardiometabolic diseases. 2013;2013:243934. Epub 2013 Feb 25.
5. Zittermann A, Koerfer R. Vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2008 Nov;11(6):752-7.
6. Oz F, Cizgici AY, Oflaz H, Elitok A, Karaayvaz EB, Mercanoglu F, Bugra Z, Omer B, Adalet K, Oncul A. Impact of vitamin D insufficiency on the epicardial coronary flow velocity and endothelial function. Coron Artery Dis. 2013 May 20.
7. Ng LL, Sandhu JK, Squire IB, Davies JE, Jones DJ. Vitamin D and prognosis in acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol. 2013 Feb 13.
8. Martini, L.A. and Wood, R.J. Vitamin D and blood pressure connection: update on epidemiologic, clinical, and mechanistic evidence. Nutr Rev. 2008; 66(5):291-297.
9. Teegarden D, Donkin SS. Vitamin D: emerging new roles in insulin sensitivity. Nutr Res Rev. 2009 Jun;22(1):82-92.
10. Chiu KC, Chu A, Go VL, Saad MF. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 May;79(5):820-5.
11. Hossein-nezhad A, Spira A, Holick MF. Influence of vitamin D status and vitamin D3 supplementation on genome wide expression of white blood cells: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58725.
12. Cannell JJ, Vieth R, Umhau JC, Holick MF, Grant WB, Madronich S, Garland CF, Giovannucci E. Epidemic influenza and vitamin D. Epidemiol Infect. 2006 Dec;134(6):1129-40.
13. Abbasi M, Hashemipour S, Hajmanuchehri F, Kazemifar AM. Is vitamin D deficiency associated with non- specific musculoskeletal pain? Glob J Health Sci. 2012 Nov 11;5(1):107-11.
14. Laslett LL, Quinn S, Burgess JR, Parameswaran V, Winzenberg TM, Jones G, Ding C. Moderate vitamin D deficiency is associated with changes in knee and hip pain in older adults: a 5-year longitudinal study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013 Apr 17.

Methylation is a vitamin-requiring biochemical process in the body that is critical for maintaining mental and physical health. Methylation helps convert the problematic amino acid metabolite homocysteine into the amino acids methionine and cysteine. Consistent recycling of homocysteine is vital for supporting cardiovascular health. Proper methylation can be inhibited by nutrient deficiencies, especially of folic acid, B6 and B12. Certain medications such as acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen and oral contraceptives can also deplete blood levels of these crucial B vitamins, reducing the body’s vital methylation capacity.

Adequate folate status is critical for maintaining optimal methylation, red blood cell balance, DNA and RNA synthesisand healthy cell division and replication. Folic acid is converted into its metabolically active form, 5-MTHF, by the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (5-MTHFR). ^[1] 5-MTHF donates its methyl group to vitamin B12 (cobalamin), forming methylcobalamin. Methylcobalamin helps convert the problematic amino acid metabolite homocysteine into the amino acid methionine. ^[2]

Vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin) works along with folic acid in many body processes, including the synthesis of DNA, red blood cells and supporting health of the myelin sheath, the insulating exterior that surrounds nerve cells.^[2] B12 is found primarily in animal foods. Vegetarians and the elderly are at highest risk for B12 deficiency. ^[2] B12 is considered by many to be a vital nutrient required to balance homocysteine levels. Methylcobalamin is the biologically active form of B12 and supports up-regulation of methylation pathways. ^[2]

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is a B vitamin that is required for more than 60 different enzymatic reactions that occur in the body. ^[2] Vitamin B6 works along with folic acid and B12 for in the recycling of homocysteine. B6 also supports a healthy cardiovascular system by promoting healthy platelet aggregation and aids in maintaining healthy blood pressure. ^[3] Vitamin B6 is required for the activation of lysyl oxidase, an enzyme responsible for the cross-linking of collagen, and elastin, which is crucial for maintaining healthy circulation and arterial function. ^[4]

Trimethylglycine (Betaine) functions in the body as a unique methyl donor, supporting liver function and detoxification pathways and the conversion of homocysteine to methionine. ^[5,6] Trimethylglycine also works alongside B6, B12 and folic acid in maintaining normal homocysteine levels.

1. 5-methyltetrahydofolate. Altern Med Review 2006; 11(4).
2. Murray MT. Encyclopedia of Nutritional Supplements. (1996);Prima Publishing: Rocklin, CA.
3. Ayback M. Effect of oral pyroxidine hydrochloride supplementation on arterial blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. Arzneim Forsh 1995;45:1271- 1273.
4. Levene CI, Murray JC. The aetiological role of maternal B6 deficiency in the development of atherosclerosis. Lancet 1977;i:628-629.
5. Junnila M, Barak AJ, Beckenhauer HC, Rahko T. Betaine reduces hepatic lipidosis induced by carbon tetracholoride in Sprague-Dawley rats. Vet Hum Toxicol 1998;40:263-6.
6. Kim SK, Kim YC, Kim YC. Effects of singly administered betaine on hepatotoxicity of chloroform in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 1998;36: 655- 61.

Aloe leaf extract has been used for thousands of years to promote the health of epithelial tissue, including the bowel lining. Aloe is one of a class of compounds called anthraquinone glycosides. When ingested, these molecules are activated through bacterial metabolism in the gut. They promote water retention in the stool and stimulate peristalsis in the large intestine. By stimulating active chloride secretion, aloe increases the water and electrolyte content in the stool^[1-4] and eases its passage without the artificial additives and associated cramping common to other therapies.

Despite the lack of published studies, aloe preparations have been in the United States Pharmacopoeia for over 100 years. Anecdotal evidence suggests aloe vera supports normal inflammatory response in the gastrointestinal tract. A 2011 animal study showed aloe to have stool softening properties in a 200 mg/kg of body weight.^[5] A randomized, double-blind trial found aloe increased bowel transit time, improved protein digestion and absorption, increased stool bulk and promoted balanced stool bacteria in those with bowel irritability.^[6]

1. Yagi T et al. The synergistic purgative action of aloe-emodin anthrone and rhein anthrone in mice: synergism in large intestinal propulsion and water secretion. J Pharm Pharmacol 1997; 49(1):22-5.
2. Yagi T et al. Synergistic effects of anthraquinones on the purgative activity of rhein anthrone in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 1999; 51(1):93-5.
3. Ishii Y et al. Studies of aloe. VI. Cathartic effect of isobarbaloin. Biol Pharm Bull 1998; 21(11):1226-7.
4. Akao T et al. A purgative action of barbaloin is induced by Eubacterium sp. Strain BAR, a human intestinal anaerobe, capable of transforming barbaloin to aloe-emodin anthrone. Biol Pharm Bull. 1996 Jan;19(1):136-8.
5. Wintola OA, Sunmonu TO, Afolayan AJ. The effect of Aloe ferox Mill. in the treatment of loperamide-induced constipation in Wistar rats. BMC Gastroenterol. 2010 Aug 19;10:95.
6. Davis K, et. al. Randomised double-blind placebo- controlled trial of aloe vera for irritable bowel syndrome. Int J Clin Pract. 2006 Sep;60(9):1080-6.

Iron is one of the most abundant minerals on earth. It is essential to the majority of life forms, especially human physiology. Iron supports prenatal and cognitive health, as well as energy balance. Iron is an integral component of the proteins involved in oxygen transport and storage: hemoglobin, myoglobin and ferritin. Iron, as part of the protein hemoglobin, carries oxygen from the lungs to various parts of the body. Hemoglobin accounts for nearly two-thirds of the iron found in the body, and carries essential oxygen to tissues and organs. Approximately one- sixth of the body’s iron is stored as ferritin for use when dietary intake is not sufficient. Iron must be maintained at balanced levels within the body – too much can cause toxicity and too little may lead to impairment of optimal health outcomes. Iron has to be carefully absorbed by the body. Interference can easily occur, making adequate consumption through diet and supplementation imperative to achieving a healthy balance. ^[1-8]

The importance of bioavailability is obvious. If consuming an iron supplement has little effect on improving the body’s iron balance, there is no reason to ingest it. Signs of inferior mineral supplements include the use of cheap, poorly absorbed, rock- salt minerals. This product is formulated with the superior amino acid chelate form, ferrous bisglycinate, which does not ionize in the gut. Like heme iron (the most bioavailable form of iron found in some protein food sources), Ferrochel^® Ferrous Bisglycinate is not impacted by dietary factors and is absorbed at a 59 % higher rate than lesser forms, such as ferrous sulfate (See Figure 1).

Comparison studies have shown significantly superior absorption of the iron chelate form compared to other rock- salt forms (most commonly ferrous sulfate).

• Iron from Ferrochel^® iron shows absorption rates 59 % higher than ferrous sulfate
• Ferrochel^® iron is absorbed at a rate 3.8 times higher than ferrous sulfate
• Ferrochel^® iron shows a reduced number of adverse complaints compared to ferrous sulfate
• No complaints of side effects were reported by subjects at 30 mg per serving

Iron supplements are often a standard recommendation for the treatment of fatigue, particularly among women. A 2012 randomized study confirmed the efficacy of iron in supporting energy balance. French researchers studied nearly 200 menstruating women ages 18 to 53 who complained of fatigue but were otherwise healthy. All subjects had lower-than-normal ferritin levels (less than 50 mcg per liter). During the study, half of the subjects took 80 mg of iron daily, while the other half took a placebo. Fatigue was measured using a validated questionnaire at the beginning and end of the study. At the close of 12 weeks, patients receiving the iron pills reported favorable outcomes related to fatigue and energy balance compared to the placebo group. The researchers also found that iron supplements increased the production of red blood cells. ^h13]

Several major health organizations recommend iron supplementation during pregnancy to ensure pregnant women meet their iron requirements for healthy pregnancy outcomes. For all pregnant women, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends routine low-dose iron supplementation beginning with the first prenatal visit.^[14] Larger doses of iron may be recommended following thorough testing to determine low hemoglobin or hematocrit.

In a 2013 study, published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal, daily iron supplementation was shown to support outcomes associated with cognitive health, including attention and concentration. Additionally, the same study found that healthy outcomes were supported related to incidences of general iron deficiency.

1. Institute of Medicine. Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001.
2. Bothwell TH, Charlton RW, Cook JD, Finch CA. Iron Metabolism in Man. St. Louis: Oxford: Blackwell Scientific, 1979.
3. Miret S, Simpson RJ, McKie AT. Physiology and molecular biology of dietary iron absorption. Annu Rev Nutr 2003;23:283-301.
4. Uzel C and Conrad ME. Absorption of heme iron. Semin Hematol 1998;35:27-34. [PubMed abstract].
5. Sandberg A. Bioavailability of minerals in legumes. British J of Nutrition. 2002;88:S281-5. [PubMed abstract]
6. Davidsson L. Approaches to improve iron bioavailability from complementary foods. J Nutr 2003;133:1560S-2S. [PubMed abstract].
7. Hallberg L, Hulten L, Gramatkovski E. Iron absorption from the whole diet in men: how effective is the regulation of iron absorption? Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:347-56. [PubMed abstract].
8. Monson ER. Iron and absorption: dietary factors which impact iron bioavailability. J Am Dietet Assoc. 1988;88:786- 90.
9. http://www.albionferrochel.com/
10. Haas JD, Brownlie T 4th. Iron deficiency and reduced work capacity: a critical review of the research to determine a causal relationship. J Nutr 2001;131:691S-6S. [PubMed abstract].
11. Bhaskaram P. Immunobiology of mild micronutrient deficiencies. Br J Nutr 2001;85:S75-80. [PubMed abstract].
12. Allen LH, Iron supplements: scientific issues concerning efficacy and implications for research and programs. J Nutr 2002;132:813S-9S. [PubMed abstract].
13. Vaucher P, Druais P, Waldvogel S, Favrat B. Effect of iron supplementation on fatigue in nonanemic menstruating women with low ferritin: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ. 2012 Aug 7;184(11):1247-54.
14. CDC Recommendations to prevent and control iron deficiency in the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Recomm Rep 1998;47:1-29.

The body’s cells and organ systems depend on an adequate supply of energy to function optimally. The mitochondria, known as the power house of the cell, contain nutrients and enzymes that are important for cellular energy metabolism. Some of these enzymes convert food to usable energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP functions as the key source of energy for all cells. In order to increase mitochondrial output, there must be adequate fuel supply for combustion and abundant antioxidants to scavenge free radical by-products. Preserving our energy reserves and increasing energy output is a critical part of maintaining optimal health.There are many things that can drain our energy reserves. Lack of sleep, too much stress, poor nutrition and prescription medications can draw on our energy reserves, using them up faster than they can be replenished. Even the vital biologic systems we rely on to maintain health can create an energy deficit that needs to be restored.

Some of the most energy demanding systems in the body are:

• Liver detoxification
• Immune protection
• Cardiovascular function
• Neurologic function

This product is scientifically formulated, based on published research, to boost mitochondrial reserves and jumpstart cellular energy production. ^[1] This product includes the powerful antioxidant trio of alpha lipoic acid, N-acetyl cysteine and acetyl L- carnitine, all shown to increase energy production and recharge the primary cellular antioxidant pools of vitamins E and C and glutathione.

Acetyl L-carnitine (ALC) is an amino acid that is associated with increased energy production. It has been shown to increase the flow of free fatty acids, the fuel source for mitochondria, resulting in a significant boost in energy production. As we age, free radical production increases oxidative damage to the mitochondria, which can potentially decrease energy production. ALC has been shown to increase cellular energy (ATP) production and has been found, in combination with lipoic acid, to lower oxidative stress. ^[2,3] Studies have also shown that ALC supports the immune response by protecting CD4 and CD8 immune cells and by supporting the reproduction of lymphocytes for the identification and elimination of invading antigens. ^[4,5]

N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant that scavenges free radicals and promotes liver detoxification. ^[6] NAC has been shown to increase production of glutathione, an important antioxidant found in the body. ^[6] In addition to its antioxidant activity, glutathione boosts the immune system by activating T-cells, helping to maintain immune balance. ^[7]

Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is a potent antioxidant and also plays a synergistic role in recharging other antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, CoQ10 and glutathione. Lipoic acid also plays a key role in detoxification. ^[8] Studies have shown that a combination of ALA and ALC helps minimize oxidative damage. ^[9,10] Oxidative stress causes damage to DNA, RNA, proteins, mitochondrial membranes and lipids, and contributes to the functional decline of mitochondria, cells, tissues and eventually organs such as the brain. ^[9,10]

Resveratrol is a polyphenol molecule found in many plant species, including grapes and cranberries, and is found in high concentrations in wine. Polyphenols act as antioxidants that protect plants from damage that can be caused by bacteria, fungi and radiation. ^[11] Resveratrol is believed to be the dietary factor behind the “French Paradox,” which is the high rate of cardiovascular wellness in the French population, despite their high fat intake. In addition to its antioxidant properties and support for cardiovascular function, resveratrol has been shown to support optimal immune function. ^[11]

Broccoli seed extract contains a high amount of glucoraphanin, a compound that is a precursor to sulphoraphane. Sulphoraphane is a potent antioxidant in the body and also supports detoxification and immune response. Sulphoraphane has been shown to induce Phase II detoxification enzymes and raise intracellular glutathione levels. ^[12]

Green tea polyphenols have demonstrated significant antioxidant- probiotic- and immune- supporting properties.^[13] The hydroxyl group of green tea polyphenols supports antioxidant activity by forming complexes with free radicals and neutralizing them, minimizing oxidative damage throughout the body. Green tea polyphenols also stimulate the activity of liver detoxification enzymes, promoting the detoxification of harmful chemicals out of the body. ^[13]

To increase cellular energy production efficiently, optimal levels of critical nutrients and enzyme cofactors must be achieved. This product is an energy-providing multivitamin with an optimized backbone of vitamins and minerals necessary for increasing energy output and meeting daily nutritional needs.

1. Kaiser JD, Campa AM, Ondercin JP, Leoung GS, Pless RF, Baum MK. Micronutrient supplementation increases CD4 count in HIV-infected individuals on highly active antiretroviral therapy: a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006; 42(5): 523-528.
2. Shigenaga M K, Hagen T M,et al. Oxidative damage and mitochondrial decay in aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994; 91(23):10771-10778.
3. Hagen, TM, Liu J, et al. Feeding acetyl-L-carnitine and lipoic acid to old rats significantly improves metabolic function while decreasing oxidative stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002; 99(4):1870-1875.
4. Di Marzio L, Moretti S, et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine administration increases insulin-like growth factor 1 levels in asymptomatic HIV-1-infected subjects: correlation with its suppressive effect on lymphocyte apoptosis and ceramide generation. Clin Immunol 1999; 92(1):103-110.
5. Deufel, T. Determination of L-carnitine in biological fluids and tissues. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1990; 28(5):307-311.
6. N-Acetylcysteine. Altern Med Rev 2000; 5(5):467-471.
7. Patrick, L. Nutrients and HIV: part three – N-acetylcysteine, alpha-lipoic acid, L-glutamine, and L-carnitine. Altern Med Rev 2000; 5(4):290-305.
8. Alpha-lipoic acid. Monograph. Altern Med Rev 2006; 11(3):232-237.
9. Ames, B. N. Optimal micronutrients delay mitochondrial decay and age-associated diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2010; 131(7-8):473-479.
10. Ames, B. N. and Liu, J. Delaying the mitochondrial decay of aging with acetylcarnitine. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1033:108-116.
11. Resveratrol: Monograph. Altern Med Review 2010; 15(12):152-158.
12. Fahey JW, Talalay P. Antioxidant functions of sulphoraphane: a potent inducer of phase II detoxification enzymes. Food Chem Tox 1999:37:973-979.
13. Green Tea. Altern Med Review 2000; 5(4):372-5.